Meet the New Israeli Cabinet

March 2003

The new ruling coalition of the Israeli government is comprised of: the Likud Party (40 seats, two of which are due to the merger with Yisrael b'Aliya), the Shinui Party (15 seats), the National Union Party (7 seats) and the National Religious Party (6 seats) totaling 68 seats out of 120. The 23 cabinet members are:

LIKUD (14 Ministers)

Likud Platform Excerpts: "The Likud will continue to strengthen and develop these communities [illegal colonies in the Occupied Palestinian Territories] and will prevent their uprooting. . . .The Government of Israel flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state west of the Jordan river. . . . Jerusalem is the eternal, undivided capital of the State of Israel and only of Israel. . . . The Jordan Valley and the territories that dominate it shall be under Israeli sovereignty." [1]

ARIEL SHARON - PRIME MINISTER

Born in Kfar Malal, Palestine in 1928. Widowed with two children.

Joined the Hagannah [2] at the age of 14.

In 1953, founded and led the "101" special commando unit responsible for an attack on the West Bank village of Qibya on October 14, 1953, during which 69 Palestinian civilians were killed, approximately half of whom were women and children. The US State Department expressed its conviction that those responsible "should be brought to account". [3]

In 1956, appointed commander of a paratroop brigade and fought in the Sinai Campaign. Arye Bior, a retired army general who was under the command of Ariel Sharon in Sinai, admitted killing civilians during the Sinai campaign. [4]

In 1957, attended the Camberley Staff College in Great Britain. In 1964, appointed Head of the IDF Northern Command. In 1966, appointed Head of the Army Training Department.

First elected to Knesset in 1973 but resigned a year later, serving as security adviser to Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (1975). Elected to the Knesset again in 1977. Appointed Minister of Agriculture in the first government of former Irgun [5] militant Menachem Begin.

In 1981, appointed Defense Minister. Orchestrated Israel's invasion of Lebanon which witnessed the killing of tens of thousands of Lebanese civilians. Official Israeli commission of inquiry found Ariel Sharon, among other Israelis, responsible for the massacre of 1,500 to 2,000 Palestinian civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps. On February 12, 2003, a Belgian court ruled that Ariel Sharon can be tried for genocide once he has left office. [6]

Between 1984 and 1990, served as Minister of Trade and Industry.

Between 1990 and 1992, served as Minister of Construction and Housing and oversaw rapid expansion of the construction of illegal Israeli colonies in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.

Opposed the Oslo Peace Process.

In 1996, appointed Minister of National Infrastructure, and again spearheaded expansion of illegal Israeli colonies in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, helping double the number of illegal settlers during the seven years after the signing of the Oslo accords in 1993.

In 1998, appointed Foreign Minister and charged with conducting negotiations towards a final agreement with the Palestinian Authority. In November 1998, Foreign Minister Sharon addresses members of right-wing Tsomet Party stating "Everybody has to move, run and grab as many hilltops as they can to enlarge the settlements because everything we take now will stay ours. . . Everything we don't grab will go to them." [7]

In May 1999, became interim Likud party leader and is elected Likud Chairman in September 1999. Opposed ending the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon.

On February 6, 2001, elected Prime Minister on a platform promising peace and security. Since his election, approximately 600 Israelis [8] and 1,880 Palestinians [9] have been killed. Of the Palestinians killed, nearly 20% were under the age of 17.
SILVAN SHALOM - FOREIGN MINISTER

Born in Tunisia in 1958. Married with five children.

First elected to Knesset in 1992. Served on Finance and Economic Committees and chaired the Energy Committee.

Served as Deputy Minister of Defense in 1997 and 1998. Served as Science Minister in 1998 and 1999.

On March 1, 2000, sponsored a Knesset bill requiring a majority of registered voters to approve any peace agreement with Israel (in effect making uncast votes automatic "no" votes), openly acknowledging that he was trying to block a withdrawal from the Israeli occupied Golan Heights. The bill was called "racist" by other Knesset members since Shalom's intent was to effectively make any decision to withdraw from the Occupied Golan Heights a decision of Jewish voters, who make up the majority of registered voters.

On April 16, 2000, told Arutz-7 news service, in response to a question asking what he would recommend to then PM Barak, "He must say unambiguously that he is against the formation of a Palestinian state."

Soon after September 2000, reported to have called for President Arafat's expulsion.

In 2001, appointed Finance Minister and during his two-year tenure "came to be identified with the worst economic crisis in Israel's 55-year history" [10] and faced growing calls to resign.
SHAUL MOFAZ - DEFENSE MINISTER

Born in Iran in 1948. Married with four children.

From 1986 to 1988, served as Commander of the Paratroop Brigade and eventually promoted to Brigadier-General.

During 1993 and 1994, served as an officer commanding Israeli occupation forces in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. In 1994, promoted to Major General. During 1996 and 1997, served as Chief of Planning Branch of the General Staff.

From 1998 through 2002, served as Chief of General Staff.

In March 2002, directed Israel's invasion of Jenin where, according to human rights organizations, Israel committed a number of war crimes including unlawful killings, summary executions and the use of human shields. [11] Left wing Israeli groups have called for Mofaz to be prosecuted for war crimes.

In April 2002, was recorded at a press conference telling Sharon "We should kick him [Arafat] out." [12]

In July 2002, authorized the dropping of a one-ton bomb on a Gaza residential apartment block, killing 14 Palestinian civilians, including at least ten children.

In November 2002, appointed Minister of Defense. Mofaz is not a member of Knesset.
BENJAMIN NETANYAHU - FINANCE MINISTER

Born in West Jerusalem in 1949. Married with three children.

From 1982 to 1984, served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the Israeli Embassy in Washington, DC. From 1984 to 1988, served as Israel's ambassador to the United Nations.

First elected to Knesset in 1988.

In 1989, stated during a lecture at Bar-Ilan University that "Israel should have exploited the repression of the demonstrations in China, when world attention focused on that country, to carry out mass expulsions of the Arabs of the territories." [13] He later stated, "I still believe that there are opportunities to expel many people." [14]

Served as Likud chairman from 1992-1999 during which time he spearheaded the opposition to the Oslo peace process.

In 1996, elected as Prime Minister by a margin of less than 1%. During his tenure until 1999, Netanyahu:
1. signed the Hebron protocol giving Jewish settlers in Hebron (0.3% of the population) 20% of Hebron, including the commercial center,
2. opened the Western Wall Tunnel under the Muslim Quarter of the Old City, sparking civil unrest and resulting in the deaths of 16 Israeli soldiers and 90 Palestinians,
3. confiscated Jabel Abu Ghneim in Occupied East Jerusalem and commenced construction of the illegal colony of Har Homa in order to complete the chain of illegal Israeli colonies south of Jerusalem, and
4. ordered the failed assassination attempt of Hamas activist Khalid Meshal in Jordan by injecting a slow acting poison into Meshal's ear.
In October 2002, named Foreign Minister in Sharon-led transitional government.
EHUD OLMERT - INDUSTRY AND TRADE MINISTER

Born in Binyamina, Palestine in 1945. Married with four children.

First elected to Knesset in 1973, serving on a wide array of committees, including Foreign Affairs and Defense, State Control and Internal Affairs.

From 1988 to 1990, served as Minister without portfolio responsible for minority affairs. From 1990 to 1992, served as Health Minister.

In 1993, elected mayor of West Jerusalem (exercising authority over Occupied East Jerusalem) during which time he stated "I do not like the growth of the non-Jewish population of Jerusalem." [15] During his tenure, the gap widened between the myth of "undivided Jerusalem" and the reality on the ground. Planning schemes limited organic growth of Palestinian neighborhoods while simultaneously expediting growth of illegal Israeli colonies. More than 400 Palestinian homes and business were demolished. A law suit was filed on behalf of more than 900 Palestinian school children denied the right to public school education in Jerusalem.
UZI LANDAU - MINISTER WITHOUT PORTFOLIO

Born in Haifa, Palestine in 1943. Married with three children.

In 1984, first elected to the Knesset and has served on a wide array of committees, including Economics Committee, State Control Committee and Defense Budget Sub-Committee.

Also served as an Israeli delegate to the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference and acted as the Knesset observer to the European Council.

Stated in 1996 that "If we really want peace, no Palestinian state here." [16]

In February 2002, implied that Israel should use chemical weapons against the Palestinians by stating that Israel should do to the Palestinians "what the Iraqis did to the Kurds." [17]

A month later, in March 2002, appointed Minister of Internal Security.
GIDEON EZRA - MINISTER WITHOUT PORTFOLIO

Born in Jerusalem, Palestine in 1937.

Shin Bet operative from 1962 to 1995 ultimately becoming the second in command and responsible for the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Lebanon.

First elected to Knesset in 1996. In March 2001, appointed Deputy Minister of Public Security.

As Deputy Minister of Public Security, openly called for Israel to murder the family members of potential Palestinian suicide bombers. [18]

Recently suggested that a US war on Iraq would allow Israel to impose a new order in the Occupied Palestinian Territories without President Arafat: "The more aggressive the attack is, the more it will help Israel against the Palestinians. The understanding would be that what is good to do in Iraq, is also good for here." [19]
NATAN SHARANSKY - MINISTER WITHOUT PORTFOLIO

Born in the Ukraine in 1948. Married with two children.

First elected to Knesset in 1996 after creating new political party, Yisrael b'Aliyah, dedicated to helping immigrants' professional, economic and social acculturation. Appointed Industry and Trade Minister. Served as Interior Minister during 1999 and 2000.

In March 2001, appointed Minister of Housing and Construction. A month later, and a week after the Mitchell Committee called for a complete freeze on all settlement activity, approved the construction of 710 new settlement homes, nearly 500 of which to be built in the colony of Ma'ale Adumim in Occupied East Jerusalem.

In November 2002, called for the full re-occupation of Hebron: "Just as Hebron was the last city we gave up because of the Jewish community there, it should be the first city to be taken back." [20]

Yisrael b'Aliyah did so poorly in the recent elections, it was absorbed by Likud in exchange for Likud assuming the party's debts.
LIMOR LIVNAT - EDUCATION MINISTER

Born in Haifa, Israel in 1950. Married with two children.

First elected to Knesset in 1992. From 1996 to 1999, served as Minister of Communications.

In March 2001, appointed Education Minister. During her tenure, she channeled "millions of shekels to schools in the settlements", advocated more "Jewish studies" in schools while simultaneously refusing to increase the budget for civic studies. [21]

In December 2001, stated that Israelis "must stop expressing any agreement for a Palestinian state in wide swaths of Judea, Samaria and Gaza. There must not be a state such as this, and therefore, there must not be any talk encouraging it. Local leaders with local autonomy, yes. But a state? No!" [22]
YISRAEL KATZ - AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTER

Born in Ashkelon in 1955. Married with two children. First elected to Knesset in 1988. Served as President of the Likud Party Convention.

Quoted in Ha'aretz (May 17, 2001) as describing Arab members of Knesset as "leaches who suck the blood of Israeli democracy" and saying "they should be eradicated using legal means."

Convicted in 1980 of a chain-wielding attack on Arab students at Hebrew University. [23] Tzachi Hanegbi, the newly appointed Public Security Minister, was involved in the same attack.
TZACHI HANEGBI - PUBLIC SECURITY MINISTER

Born in West Jerusalem in 1957. Married with three children. First elected to Knesset in 1988. In 1996, appointed Minister of Justice.

In 1980, received a six-month suspended sentence for a chain-wielding attack on Arab students at Hebrew University where he was chairman of the student Union. Yisrael Katz, the newly-appointed Agriculture and Rural Development Minister was convicted in the same attack.
DANNY NAVEH - HEALTH MINISTER

Born in Israel in 1960. Married with two children. First elected to Knesset in 1999. In March 2001, appointed Minister without Portfolio.
MEIR SHEETRIT - MINISTER WITHOUT PORTFOLIO

Born in Morocco in 1948. Married with two children. First elected to Knesset in 1981 and served on a wide array of committees.
TZIPI LIVNI - IMMIGRANT ABSORPTION MINISTER

Born in Israel in 1958. Married with two children.

Mossad employee from 1980 to 1984. First elected to Knesset in 1999. In August 2001, appointed Minister without Portfolio, responsible for information.

NATIONAL UNION (2 Ministers)

National Union Positions [24]: Rejects the idea of a Palestinian state between Israel and Jordan. Views the voluntary transfer of the Palestinian population to neighboring Arab countries as the only sustainable solution to the crisis in the Middle East. Views Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish people of the State of Israel.

AVIGDOR LIEBERMAN - TRANSPORTATION MINISTER

Born in Moldova in 1958. Currently lives in the illegal Israeli colony of Nokdim in the Occupied West Bank. Married with three children.

First elected to Knesset in 1999. In March 2001, appointed Minister of National Infrastructures.

In March 2002, stated that Palestinians should be given an ultimatum or else: "At 8am we'll bomb all the commercial centers . . . at noon we'll bomb their gas stations . . . at two we'll bomb their banks." Peres interrupted, "and at 6pm you'll receive an invitation to the international tribunal in The Hague." [25]

In April 2002, stated that there is "nothing undemocratic about transfer." [26]

Known as the "bully boy" of Israeli politics, he has called former PM Barak "insane" and wants Arab members of Knesset stripped of their Israeli citizenship. [27]
BINYAMIN (BENNY) ELON - TOURISM MINISTER

Born in West Jerusalem in 1954. Currently lives in the illegal Israeli colony of Bet El on the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Married with six children.

First elected to Knesset in 1996 as the head of the extreme right Moledet party which "embraces the idea of population transfer as an integral part of comprehensive plan to achieve real peace between the Jews and the Arabs living in the Land of Israel." [28]

Consistent with Moledet's stated purpose of thwarting any compromise on Jerusalem by building more illegal Jewish colonies, Elon has spearheaded the takeover of several Palestinian homes in Occupied East Jerusalem. In October 1988, Elon led some 30 right-wing Israelis in a takeover of a building in the Palestinian Jerusalem neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah. In February 1999, his "Settlers of Zion" organization took over six Palestinian homes in the same neighborhood. Elon has stated that "if you don't create facts on the ground, everything blows in the wind" and has outlined a strategy of building Jewish settlements to achieve "Jewish territorial contiguity" in Occupied East Jerusalem. [29]

Speaking before the Christian Coalition in Washington in October 2002, Elon defended the policy of ethnic cleansing as biblically mandated quoting from the Bible "Ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land before you. . ." [30] He was awarded a "distinguished service" citation as voted by his political peers.

NATIONAL RELIGIOUS PARTY (NRP) (2 Ministers)

NRP Platform Excerpts: "The State of Israel alone shall exist between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. No Palestinian state or other foreign entity shall be established in this area. Jewish settlement throughout the land of Israel is the foundation of our hold on the country and Israel's security. Therefore, it must be fortified, and any political agreement must ensure that no Jewish settlement be uprooted." [31]

EFRAIM EITAM - HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION MINISTER

Born in Kibbutz Ein Gev, Israel in 1952. Currently lives in the illegal Israeli colony of Moshav Nov in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Married with eight children.

Retired from the Israeli military in 2000 as a Brigadier General after thirty years of military service.

In the late 1980s, faced allegations of beating to death a Palestinian civilian. [32] Later promoted, and served as a commander of the Israeli occupation forces of southern Lebanon during 1998 and 1999.

In February 2001, stated that a synthesis of Jewish content and western technology had to replace the "western, liberal, secular, democratic" character of Israel. [33] In March 2002, said that Arab citizens of Israel "resemble a cancerous growth". [334]

In April 2002, selected leader of the National Religious Party and appointed Minister without Portfolio. In September 2002, appointed Minister of National Infrastructures.

Has recently described the Oslo peace process as "morally and militarily wrong" and has advocated for Israel's permanent control of the Occupied Palestinian Territories. [35] Has also suggested that Palestinians states should be established in the Sinai Peninsula and in Jordan and warns that Palestinians may find themselves stranded in Jordan as refugees in the event of another war. [36]
ZEVULUN ORLEV - WELFARE MINISTER

Born in Palestine in 1945. First elected to Knesset in 1999 and served as Chairman of the Education and Culture Committee.

Quoted by former MK Shulamit Aloni as having favored the expulsion of foreign workers in Israel: "Kick them out of our country. They live here at our expense." [37]

SHINUI (5 Ministers)

Shinui Principles Excerpts: ". . . Arafat is not a partner for peace. . . Illegal outposts must be evacuated immediately. . . Israel will not evacuate settlement blocs, and these will be integrated within Israel's borders . . . A Palestinian state will be established only after the Palestinians renounce the right to return." [38]

YOSEF LAPID - JUSTICE MINISTER

Born in Yugoslavia in 1931. Married with two children.

First elected to Knesset in 1999. Served on Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee.

Speaking at a campaign rally in late 2002, stated "Don't let them tell you that it's impossible to keep occupied territory. It's most certainly possible." [39]
AVRAHAM PORAZ - INTERIOR AND COMMUNICATIONS MINISTER

Born in Romania in 1945. Married with two children. First elected to Knesset in 1988, first under Shinui, then later under Meretz and recently under Shinui again.
YOSEF PARITZKY - NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE MINISTER

Born in West Jerusalem in 1955. Married with three children. First elected to Knesset in 1999 and served on the Finance, Foreign Workers, and State Control Committees.
YEHUDIT NAOT - ENVIRONMENT MINISTER

Born in Kiryat Bialik, Palestine in 1944. Married with three children. Formerly a member of the Haifa City Council and the Deputy Mayor of Haifa from 1989-1991 and 1993-1996.

First elected to Knesset in 1999 and served on Internal Affairs and Environment Committee and Education and Culture Committee.
5. ELIEZER SANDBERG - SCIENCE MINISTER

Born in Haifa, Israel in 1962. Married with three children.

First elected to Knesset in 1992 as a member of Tzomet and later elected as a member of Likud Gesher Tzomet and HaTzeirim. Served in the last Knesset as a member of Shinui. From late 1998 through mid -1999, served as Deputy Minister of Education, Culture and Sport.

Self-described representative of the right wing voters within Shinui.[40]

[1]
Knesset Website: Likud-Platform, http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections/knesset15/elikud_m.htm

[2]
Jewish "para-military"group responsible for, inter alia, (i) the 1948 bombing of the Semiramis Hotel in the Palestinian neighborhood of Qatamon in West Jerusalem (18 killed) and (ii) the 1947 attack on the Palestinian village of Lifta (near Jerusalem), killing 7 and expelling the remainder of the village.

[3]
Department of State Bulletin, October 26, 1953, p. 552.

[4]
Ohad Gozani, Israelis Admit Massacre, THE DAILY TELEGRAPH, August 16, 1995.

[5]
Jewish "para-military" group responsible for, inter alia, (i) the 1946 bombing of Jerusalem's King David hotel (92 killed, including Jews) and (ii) the 1948 massacre of over 100 Palestinian civilians in the Palestinian village of Deir Yassin.

[6]
Ian Black, Belgium Asserts Right to Try Sharon, THE GUARDIAN, February 13, 2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,894523,00.html

[7]
AFP, November 15, 1988

[8]
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000, http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0ia50

[9]
Palestine Monitor, Palestine Fact Sheets: Palestinians Killed, http://www.palestinemonitor.org/factsheet/Palestinian_killed_fact_sheet.htm

[10]
Profile: Silvan Shalom, BBC NEWS, February 26, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2802415.stm

[11]
Jenin: IDF Military Operations, HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, May 2002, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/israel3

[12]
Profile: Israeli Defense Chief Shaul Mofaz, BBC NEWS, November 3, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2381785.stm

[13]
Quoted in the Israeli journal Hotam, November 24, 1989.

[14]
Menachem Shalev, Use Political Opportunities' Netanyahu Recommends Large-Scale Expulsions, THE JERUSALEM POST, November 19, 1989

[15]
Ma'Ariv, May 27, 1997

[16]
CNN NEWS, Israeli Election Draws Mixed Reactions, May 30, 1996, http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9605/30/israel.reax

[17]
Quoted by Gideon Samet, The Beginning of the End, Perhaps, HA'ARETZ, February 20, 2002, reprinted at http://www.acj.org/Daily%20News/February/Feb_20.htm#2

[18]
Interview on New Evening (Erev Hadash) TV with Geula Even, quoted by Akiva Eldar, Ask Clinton What He Thinks About Camp David, HA'ARETZ, August 21, 2001, reprinted at http://www.abunimah.org/features/010821ezra.html. The policy of punishing innocent family members was practiced by the Nazis under a policy called 'sippenhaft'. However, even the Nazis only punished family members after an act of resistance was committed, not before as Minister Ezra proposes.

[19]
Ben Lynfield, Israel Sees Opportunity in Possible US Strike on Iraq, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, August 30, 2002, http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0830/p08s01-wome.htm.

[20]
Israeli Papers Split on Way Forward, BBC News, November 18, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/media_reports/2488337.stm

[21]
Orna Coussin, Recruiting in the Kindergarten, HA'ARETZ, May 31, 2001, http://www.haaretzdaily.com/arch/objects/data/logonEng.html, reprinted at http://www.pmwatch.org/pmw/manager/features/display_message.asp?mid=436

[22]
Now the 'Partner' is Gone, THE JERUSALEM POST, December 24, 2001

[23]
Associated Press, February 27, 2003

[24]
http://www.israelvotes.com/demo/platforms_unity.html

[25]
YEDIOT AHRONOT, quoted in Paul Peachey, We Risk Charges of War Crimes, Peres Tells Cabinet, INDEPENDENT, March 7, 2002, http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=271739

[26]
HA'ARETZ, March 22, 2002, quoted in Oren Yiftachel,, The Shrinking Space of Citizenship, MIDDLE EAST REPORT, Summer 2002, http://www.merip.org/mer/mer223/223_yiftachel.html

[27]
William F. Buckley Jr., Israeli Bully Boy?, NATIONAL REVIEW ONLINE, March 6, 2001, http://www.nationalreview.com/buckley/buckley030601.shtml

[28]
Moledet Website, http://www.moledet.org.il/english/moledet.html

[29]
Ben Lynfield, Settlers Strategically Split East Jerusalem, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, reprinted at http://www.pass.to/newsletter/0602SettlersStrategicallySplitEas.htm

[30]
Christians Hail Rightist's Call to Oust Arabs, FORWARD, October 18, 2002, http://www.forward.com/issues/2002/02.10.18/news3.html

[31]
http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH01fx0

[32]
Shira Herzog, Two Faces of Religious Zionism, The CANADIAN JEWISH NEWS INTERNET EDITION, March 21, 2002, http://www.cjnews.com/pastissues/02/mar21-02/features/feature1.htm

[33]
Arieh O'Sullivan, 'Russia Safer for Jews than Israel', Says Eitam, THE JERUSALEM POST, February 20, 2001

[34]
HA'ARETZ, March 22, 2002, quoted in Oren Yiftachel,, The Shrinking Space of Citizenship, MIDDLE EAST REPORT, Summer 2002, http://www.merip.org/mer/mer223/223_yiftachel.html

[35]
Sheldon Kirshner, Eradicating Terrorism Key for Israel: NRP Leader, THE CANADIAN JEWISH NEWS INTERNET EDITION, August 15, 2002, http://www.cjnews.com/pastissues/02/aug15-02/front5.asp

[36]
Ibid.

[37]
Radio Interview quoted Former Knesset Member Speaks on Haidar and Israeli Internal Racism, ARABIC NEWS, February 3, 2000, http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/000203/2000020371.html

[38]
Shinui Website, http://www.shinui.org.il/elections/eng/principles.html

[39]
Daniel Ben Simon, We Want Our Country Back, HA'ARETZ ELECTIONS 2003 SUPPLEMENT, January 24, 2003, p. 9.

[40]
Shinui Website, http://www.shinui.org.il/elections/eng/cand_pop05.html